Calculating Reading Level With the Flesch-Kincaid Scale

Are you writing at an appropriate grade level? There are several scales and calculations used to determine the readability or grade level of a piece of writing. One of the most common scales is the Flesch-Kincaid scale. You can determine the Flesch-Kincaid reading grade level of a paper you’ve written easily in Microsoft Word. There is a tool for this that you access from your menu bar. You can either calculate an entire paper, or you can highlight a section and then calculate it. Steps Go to TOOLS and select OPTIONS and SPELLING GRAMMARSelect the box CHECK GRAMMAR WITH SPELLINGSelect the box SHOW READABILITY STATISTICS and select OKAYTo generate the readability statistic now, select SPELLING AND GRAMMAR from the toolbar at the top of the page. The tool will go through its recommended changes and provide readability statistics at the end You can use a formula to calculate the Flesch-Kincaid reading level on your own. This is a good tool to determine whether a book is going to challenge you Calculating Readability of Your Writing Select a few paragraphs to use as your baseCalculate the average number of words per sentence. Multiply the result by 0.39Calculate the average number of syllables in words (count and divide) Multiply the result by 11.8Add the two results togetherSubtract 15.59 The result will be a number that equates to a grade level. For example, a 6.5 is a sixth-grade reading level result.

William Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet - 1595 Words

During the mid 20th century behavioral research was a newly developed field, psychologists were intent on proving their study to the scientific community and in their ambition often disregarded or suppressed things that they could not calculate or quantify. Psychology came to view things like familial love as harmful and, as a result, 1950’s parenting guides, mother’s associations and medical experts rang with warnings against showing affection toward children, they stated that doing so spread disease and caused mental health issues. Government-issued brochures advised mothers and fathers to â€Å"never kiss a baby† and to not â€Å"rock or play with children†. The director of the American Psychological Association warned â€Å"when you are tempted to pet your child, remember that mother love is a dangerous instrument†. Until later experiments in psychology were able to demonstrate the importance of parental love, the beliefs held by the majority di rectly clashed with the unconditional affection parents hold for their children. In the renowned play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, the contrasting desires of society, and of Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet, two young lovers from feuding households in Italy, lead the couple to fall in love, marry and ultimately commit dual suicide. During Romeo and Juliet’s short but emotionally charged romance, the couple’s infatuation for each other is constantly put at odds with social norms and regulations. Characters, including Juliet Capulet,Show MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1287 Words   |  6 PagesLizzy Baginski English Composition 2 Mr. Spera March 10, 2015 Romeo and Juliet Research Paper The movie Romeo and Juliet is a modern classic film that took place in 1996. Overall this is a timeless story that everyone should go and watch. This movie has an intriguing plot line that tells the story of two feuding families, The Montagues and The Capulets, and how the children of these two different families fall in love. The two children overcome various obstacles such as hiding their chemistry fromRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet 966 Words   |  4 Pages Beauty Over Gold â€Å"Beauty provoketh thieves sooner than gold.--William Shakespeare, 1623. In his book As You Like It, William Shakespeare pointed out the supremacy of love rather than the want of gold and wealth. Truly, beauty is more important to thieves than wealth. Many of the thieves in this world would rather have an elegant woman than to obtain precious rubies. After all, what good is a prosperous man if he doesn’t have a charming woman? Two famous men grab my attention who didn’t fear forRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet Essay1024 Words   |  5 PagesRomeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare s most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. The plot is based on an ItalianRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1124 Words   |  5 PagesThe play Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare s most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. Its plot is based onRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet861 Words   |  4 Pagesgreatly shown in the play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. It was love at first sight with Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet. Meeting at a party and falling in love to get married without even spending quality time with each other. Romeo and Juliet couldn t tell there parents because the Capulets and Montagues are long term rivals. Both Romeo and Juliet had to find different ways and excuses to make this marriage work. A big problem was developed. Romeo kills Juliet s cousin and is banishedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1770 Words   |  8 Pagesof Romeo and Juliet. The story of two destined lovers who were killed by their own doing. But what if they weren t two destined lovers who got unlucky, but doomed partners that were never going to have a good-life to begin with.William Sha kespeare gives us a view of early signs of gang conflict in the early age of Verona, Italy. He gives us a perspective of the norms and customs of Italy during the Setting of William Shakespeare s most famous story. Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, givesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1616 Words   |  7 Pageslove can also cause some of life s most controversial battles. These battles could stem from lack of patience, disagreement of moral values, and in some cases, an absence of attraction overall. In Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, the issues that drive Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet s to each of their dreadful misfortunes are inevitable. When it comes to many of Shakespeare s plays, Aristotle s theory is used to describe them as tragedies. Romeo and Juliet is known by many as a tragedyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1264 Words   |  6 Pagestheater-going public the most important dramatist in English literature, Shakespeare oc cupies a well-known position in the world of talented authors. His canon contains thirty-seven plays, written in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Additionally, throughout the years, they continue to sustain critical attention, with the majority of his works circling tragedies, one being Romeo and Juliet. William Shakespeare s Romeo and Juliet speaks to the timeless appeal of star-crossed lovers. Their loveRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet924 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy that follows the so-called love of two teenagers. The two fall in love at a masked ball and have a secret marriage. Throughout the play, their actions show how ridiculous love is, and how it is a danger to anyone who become twisted in its choking grasp. However, in the death of the youth and survival of the elders, an alternative explanation for the tragic events may be found. Although Shakespeare seems to be mocking love throughout the play, itRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1279 Words   |  6 Pagesour lives. The great, classic writers teach timeless, valuable life skills. Shakespeare was the greatest writer of all time. His writings mainly consisted of dramas and sonnets. Romeo and Juliet, as well as, A MIdsummer Night’s Dream were written about the same time period. He was able to inter relate everything that wrote. For example, the tale of Pyramus and Thisbe could possibly be an advertisement for Romeo and Juliet. The basic structure of the two dramas is the same; two forbidden lovers meet

Global Financial System for Critical Audit Matter -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theGlobal Financial System for Critical Audit Matter. Answer: Introduction This assignment is about the recently changed audit models of the U.S public accounting oversight board. The changed model now requires the auditors to present the high risk area of business in the audit report itself. An auditor is a person, who inspects the accounts of the company or an organization and detects if there is any wrong entry of financial or non financial transactions has been done or skipped purposely to bring the actual true financial condition or financial report of the company to the interested peoples(Glenda Marty, 2010). An audit is done by a certified accountant or an auditor, in this assignment we are going to discuss in detail the need of auditing and the auditing models changed in the PCAOB. Key Changes to Audit Report with Focus on Similarities As Well As Any Differences The international auditing and assurance standards board (IAASB) is an international auditing standard body that is working internationally. This body of international auditing standards was set in 1978 march, and it is working on stabilizing the global financial system, enhancing the role, relevance and quality of assurance and implementation of auditing standards(Philips, 2014). The public company accounting board is similar to that of IAASB; however it is a private sector and a nonprofit corporation that works in keeping an eye on the work of the public companies to protect the interest of the investors(Mehta, 2013). Recently the PCAOB has made some changes into the auditing report models, these changes suggested that the auditors have to disclose the areas of high audit risk to in the audit report. The recent changes of the PCAOB now require the auditors report to be more specific and more relevant and to provide more additional information about the audit to the client. The newl y developed standard now requires the auditor to communicate the critical audit matters (CAM) for audits that are conducted under the standards of PCAOB. Critical audit matter (CAM) are the matters that comes out while conducting an audit and these matters are now according to the new changes are required to be communicated to the client. An auditor for determining the critical audit matters will require working upon the audit risk assessment, unusual significant transactions etc. if in case there are no critical audit matters the auditor will prepare a disclosure stating that no critical audit matter occurred while conducting the audit(Sherlotte, 2015). Another change that has been made by the public company accounting oversight board is that, the auditor now will have to state that when and in which year the audit began and when it ending it comes under the tenure. Third major change made in by PCAOB is the independence of the auditor; this change means that the audit report will include a statement stating that the auditor must be independent. Another major change is the address; the auditors report will be addressed to the companys share holders and to the board of directors(Katz, 2017). Now if we talk about the similarities or the differences between the standards of the international auditing assurance standard board and the public company accounting oversight board then these are as follow: We will first talk about the similarities between the IAASB and the PCAOB(Hesabras, 2017): KAM/CAM is those matters that arise when the audit is conducted by a certified auditor and these matters are of much importance for the company that the auditor wants to put before everything. Now there is a similarity between this standard of IAASB PCAOB as both states that KAM/CAM requires to put forward matters of more importance in the auditing report and there is also a similarity of preparing the pattern of the KAM/CAM in the IAASB and PCAOB. Documentation of important or critical matters is required under IAASB and PCAOB, whether or not the matter is considered to be a KAM/CAM. Similarity here is that both the auditing standard bodies requires to document matters that are of significant nature. The ordering of basis for opinion and opinion section in IAASB is done by presenting opinion section first following to it the basis for opinion section, in PCAOB the ordering is of basis of opinion and opinion section is as same as international auditing and assurance standard board. Now we will talk about the differences between the IAASB PCAOB standards: The tenure of the auditors is not being disclosed in the IAASB, whereas the date of starting the tenure of the auditor needs to be disclosed in the report in public company accounting oversight board. In IAASB the responsibilities of the auditor are expanded, these responsibilities needs to be prepared in a separate section of auditors report. While if we talk about Public company accounting oversight board, the responsibilities of the auditors needs to be mentioned not in a separate section but in a the basis of opinion section. Reasons/Motivation for the Changes The changes made in the auditing models of PCAOB are made for the first time in the 70 years since its establishment. This is the first and the most important motivation or the reason behind the changes made to the audit report by the PCAOB. The investors of the firm seek for more and more information from the company about its profits or loss and about other things as well. The members of PCAOB said in a statement that the main purpose of changing the audit report was to prepare informative, accurate and independent audit reports. Impact of the changes in Audit Reporting The changes made in public company accounting oversight board will pump life into the audit reports made by the auditors and the investors will get all the information they have been asking from the auditors from a long time(R.Doty, 2017). The changes are likely to protect the interest of the investors by providing them an accurate and an appropriate report about the financial condition of the firm. These changes made in the PCAOB models for auditing will not only protect the interest of the investors but it is going to increase the working responsibilities of the investors and more transparency will come into the process of auditing. Bibliography Glenda Marty. (2010). The Work responsibilities of an Auditor (Vol. 1). Bath: London Works and Press. Hesabras. (2017, July 1). Retrieved July 1, 2017, from Hesabras: https://www.hesabras.com/Content/media/filepool3/2017/8/569.pdf Katz, D. M. (2017, June 1). CFO. Retrieved 2014 5, 2015, from An Agryle Company : https://ww2.cfo.com/auditing/2017/06/pcaob-auditors-report/ lotey, i. (2010). skill in businesses. In g. garg, business skills (pp. 145-166). Garg Publishers. Mehta, H. (2013). Changes Made in the Auditing Structure of the PCAOB. In J. Harish, The Standards of PCAOB (pp. 119-130). Amsterdam: Geo Publishers. Philips, J. M. (2014). The Standards of IAASB. In D. o. board, Australian Auditing (13th ed., pp. 85-112). sydney: Wolter Kluver. R.Doty, J. (2017, June 1). PCAOB. Retrieved 2017 2017, from Public Company Accounting Oversight Board: https://pcaobus.org/News/Releases/Pages/auditors-report-standard-adoption-6-1-17.aspx Reserve Bank of Australia. (2017). Retrieved September 2017, from https://www.rba.gov.au/monetary-policy/about.html Sherlotte, D. (2015). New Auditing Standards. New York Business world , 5 (115), 10.

War Violence free essay sample

The word war defines a state of armed conflicts between nations or groups. It’s the activity of fighting. War is a vicious circle. A war never is big when it starts. In reality, it will grow by time. A small problem may cause a war, which is full of horror. It can be a quarrel, grudge, misunderstanding, murder, illegal act or a mistake which may start a problem. It will grow big gradually and eventually, it would bring up a war and make separation between nations or groups. Perhaps, there’s possibility for it to be between communities or among them. The same activities caused war even in the early ancient times. Maybe, the wars during then weren’t for a long period of time. Even though, it was total violence. It’s very clear that this dangerous act had its proceedings since then. In fact, warfare developed in technology, step by step from every age. We will write a custom essay sample on War Violence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Unlike from those days, in these few centuries, war and acts of violence didn’t or do not take place in reserved areas for battling. During the World Wars, almost the whole world had to be cautious about its happenings. All days and nights, war victims, the people who weren’t involved in war had to be attentive about the attacks to protect themselves. They had their fearful thoughts at the top. Overall, ordinary people are affected mostly. Meanwhile, war doesn’t stand as there procedure to find a solution for their problems. Also they do not desire it. The poor ones are happened to die for no reason but war. When we talk about war regarding the people, it’s an act full of violence, tremendous destruction, no mercy, never leave a sign of relief, injustice, hard even to wonder about finding peace. A war in its best would result a big destruction. Even a victory would bring gladness in the least for that particular team, group or community etc. as they miss so many things; lose the lives of their companions, miss the families, losing property and other lacking for a better future. In fact, the whole country has to experience the pathetic situations. But, after all, when the war has come to an end, in the sides of the groups involved in war, there’s no use for them to regret about all the damages caused by the war. Specially, by the people who were reasons for a war. Anyway, war can be stopped by living with the tastes of different lives. We can stop entanglement by war and violence and bring up a united world. Be free from brutality by seeking peace.

The Culture of Being a Police Officer †Criminal Justice Essay

The Culture of Being a Police Officer – Criminal Justice Essay Free Online Research Papers The Culture of Being a Police Officer Criminal Justice Essay Our text explains that the police culture is often described as isolationist, elitist and authoritarians. â€Å"According to the conventional wisdom, the police culture consists of a set of values, attitudes and norms that are widely shared among officers, who find in the culture a way to cope with the strains of their working environment† (263). Growing up in a military family, the feeling is much the same. I feel as if we have a community of our own. To me the job of a soldier is of honor and strength, a job that speaks pride. Police culture is sustained through the way new members are selected, trained, and accepted into the police ranks. By being put through a rigorous selection process, an individual is subjecting themselves to a group or organization in which is the beginning of the police cultural assimilation. A considerable amount of police research over the past thirty years has chronicled the tendency for police to become isolated. Isolated from previous friends, isolated from the community, isolated from the legal system, and even isolated from their spouses and families (Drummond, 1976 and Skolnick, 1966). Police impose social isolation upon themselves as a means of protection against real and perceived dangers, loss of personal and professional autonomy, and social rejection (Skolnick, 1966). Skolnick found. The element of danger is generally credited with causing officers to be suspicious. In an attempt to be attentive to any possible violence the officer becomes generally suspicious of everyone. Likewise, many officers begin to distance themselves from previous friends as they do not seem to understand and appreciate the rigors of being a cop. Administrative factors such as shift work, days off during the week, and court time tend to isolate the officer from persons other than other police. Police also become isolated due to their authority. One impact is the potential that isolation provides for officers to engage in deviant behavior. An area that has been the subject of concern by the courts, legislatures, and citizens is that of the amount of discretion that police officers have in administering the laws. The reason for concern has been that bias on the part of individual officers can result in a wide variance as to how laws are administered. Leadership can begin to change the culture of isolation on the individual level by breaking down the culture of isolation on the organizational level. Police isolation tends to build an arrogant attitude towards dealing with criticisms and complaints (pamij.com/harrison.html). Cultural characteristics are the man-made aspects of social organization, as distinct from structural institutions, but both structure and culture influence personality and behavior. As the Anthropological Concepts of Academic Studies of Police Culture, Worldview is a mentality or cognitive orientation involving how people see themselves and see others. This is when Officer’s begin to segregate themselves from the public. They are no longer able to identify with the civilian style of life. The Officer’s begin to cling to and depend on each other for support and a style of living. The Ethos is the idea of a spirit or force in the organization that reflects an unwritten value system. This is that spirit that comes with the Officer in uniform. There is a code that can not be broken it is as if they exist within themselves. Almost as if they are their own gang and they come with many strengths and courageous acts. The Theme is the idea of a belief system that regulates or guides the kinds of relationships or social interactions that people have inside and outside of their culture. An Officer continues to live the cop life inside the uniform and outside the uniform. He always remains looking over his soldier, as if he is among enemies. The Postulates are beliefs that integrate the people in the culture (http://faculty.ncwc.edu/toconnor/205/205lect02.htm). In conclusion, there are a range of negative and positive beliefs that go with the police community and culture. A lot of those negatives have a lot to do with police segregating themselves from the rest of the world. They make themselves seem untouchable. Of course, it has to be this way being that they do fall under an elite group of people with extreme circumstances to the work they perform. Because of this untouchable appearance, it is understandable to assume that police officers must stick together and rely on one another, for they are only understood by each other. The text speaks of the fact that conflict can occur between officers who see themselves as crime fighters and those who prefer the social-service role, despite this conflict they still remain a force to be reckoned with and they will remain together. Harrison, Stephen J. Police Organizational Culture: Using Ingrained Values To Build Positive Organizational Improvement pamij.com/harrison.html Police Culture and Behavior http://faculty.ncwc.edu/toconnor/205/205lect02.htm Research Papers on The Culture of Being a Police Officer - Criminal Justice EssayUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThe Fifth Horseman19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenQuebec and CanadaCapital PunishmentInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito

Toltec Empire - Semi-Mythical Legend of the Aztecs

Toltec Empire - Semi-Mythical Legend of the Aztecs The Toltecs and the Toltec Empire is a semi-mythical legend reported by the Aztecs that appears to have had some reality in prehispanic Mesoamerica. But the evidence for its existence as a cultural entity is conflicting and contradictory. The empire, if thats what it was (and it probably was not), has been at the heart of a longstanding debate in archaeology: where is the ancient city of Tollan, a city described by the Aztecs in oral and pictorial histories as the center of all art and wisdom? And who were the Toltecs, the legendary rulers of this glorious city? The Aztec Myth Aztec oral histories and their surviving codexes describe the Toltecs as wise, civilized, wealthy urban people  who lived in Tollan, a city filled with buildings made of jade and gold. The Toltecs, said the historians, invented all the arts and sciences of Mesoamerica, including the Mesoamerican calendar; they were led by their wise king Quetzalcoatl. For the Aztecs, the Toltec leader was the ideal ruler, a noble warrior who was learned in the history and priestly duties of Tollan, and had the qualities of military and commercial leadership. The Toltec rulers led a warrior society that included a storm god (Aztec  Tlaloc or Maya  Chaac), with Quetzalcoatl at the heart of the origin myth. The Aztec leaders claimed they were descendants of the Toltec leaders, establishing a semi-divine right to rule. The Myth of Quetzalcoatl The Aztec accounts of the Toltec myth say that Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl [reported by the Aztecs in the 15th century to have been born in the year 1 Reed, 843 AD and died 52 years later in the year 1 Reed, 895], was a wise, old humble king who taught his people to write and measure time, to work gold, jade and feathers, to grow cotton, dye it and weave it into fabulous mantles, and to raise maize and cacao. He built four houses for fasting and prayer and a temple with beautiful columns carved with serpent reliefs. But his piety excited anger among the sorcerers of Tollan, who were intent on destroying his people. The sorcerers tricked Quetzalcoatl into drunken behavior that shamed him so he fled east, reaching the edge of the sea. There, dressed in divine feathers and a turquoise mask, he burned himself up and rose into the sky, becoming the morning star. Aztec accounts dont all agree: at least one says that Quetzalcoatl destroyed Tollan as he left, burying all the marvelous things and burning everything else. He changed the cacao trees to mesquite and sent the birds to Anahuac, another legendary land at the edge of the water. The story as recounted by Bernardino Sahagunwho certainly had his own agendasays that Quetzalcoatl fashioned a raft of serpents and sailed across the sea. Sahagun was a Spanish Franciscan friar, and he and other chroniclers are today believed to have created the myth associating Quetzalcoatl with the conquistador  Cortesbut thats another story. Toltecs and Desirà ©e Charnay The site of Tula in Hidalgo state was first equated with Tollan in the archaeological sense in the late 19th centurythe Aztecs were ambivalent about which set of ruins was Tollan, although Tula was certainly one. French expeditionary photographer Desirà ©e Charnay raised money to follow the legendary journey of Quetzalcoatl from Tula eastward to the Yucatan peninsula. When he arrived at the Maya capital of Chichà ©n Itz, he noticed serpent columns and a ball court ring that reminded him of those he had seen at Tula, 1300 kilometers (800 miles) northwest of Chichen. Charnay had read the 16th century Aztec accounts and noted that the Toltec were thought by the Aztecs to have created civilization, and he interpreted the architectural and stylistic similarities to mean that the capital city of the Toltecs  was Tula, with Chichen Itza its remote and conquered colony; and by the 1940s, a majority of archaeologists did too. But since that time, archaeological and historical evidence has shown that to be problematic. Problems, and a Trait List There are lots of problems trying to associate Tula or any other specific set of ruins as Tollan. Tula was fairly large but it didnt have much control over its close neighbors, let alone long distances. Teotihuacan, which definitely was large enough to be reckoned an empire, was long gone by the 9th century. There are lots of places throughout Mesoamerica with linguistic references to Tula or Tollan or Tullin or Tulan: Tollan Chollolan is the full name for Cholula, for example, which has some Toltec aspects. The word seems to mean something like place of reeds. And even though the characteristic traits identified as Toltec appear at many sites along the Gulf Coast and elsewhere, there isnt much evidence for military conquest; the adoption of Toltec traits appears to have been selective, rather than imposed. Traits identified as Toltec include temples with colonnaded galleries; tablud-tablero architecture; chacmools and ball courts; relief sculptures with various versions of the mythical Quetzalcoatl jaguar-serpent-bird icon; and relief images of predatory animals and raptorial birds holding human hearts. There are also atlantean pillars with images of men in the Toltec military outfit (also seen in chacmools): wearing pillbox helmets and butterfly-shaped pectorals and carrying atlatls. There is also a form of government that is part of the Toltec package, a council-based government rather than a centralized kingship, but where that arose is anybodys guess. Some of the Toltec traits can be traced to the Early Classic period, of 4th century AD or even earlier. Current Thinking It seems clear that although there is no real consensus among the archaeological community about the existence of a single Tollan or a specific Toltec Empire that can be identified, there was some sort of inter-regional flow of ideas throughout Mesoamerica that archaeologists have named Toltec. Its possible, perhaps likely, that much of that flow of ideas came about as a byproduct of the establishment of inter-regional trade networks, trade networks including such materials as obsidian and salt which were established by the 4th century AD (and probably much earlier) but really kicked into gear after the fall of Teotihuacan in 750 AD. So, the word Toltec should be removed from the word empire, certainly: and perhaps the best way to look at the concept is as a Toltec ideal, an art style, philosophy and form of government that acted as the exemplary center of all that was perfect and longed for by the Aztecs, an ideal echoed at other sites and cultures throughout Mesoamerica. Sources This article is part of the About.com guide to Aztecs, and part of the Dictionary of Archaeology. The collected articles in Kowaleski and Kristan-Graham (2011), based on a Dumbarton Oaks symposium, are highly recommended for getting a grasp on the Toltecs. Berdan FF. 2014. Aztec Archaeology and Ethnohistory. New York: Cambridge University Press. Coggins C. 2002. Toltec. RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics 42(Autumn, 2002):34-85. Gillespie S. 2011. Toltics, Tula, and Chichà ©n Itz: The Development of an Archaeological Myth. In: Kowalski JK, and Kristan-Graham C, editors. Twin Tollans: Chichà ©n Itz, Tula and the Epiclassic to Early Postclassic Mesoamerican World. Washington DC: Dumbarton Oaks. p 85-127. Kepecs SM. 2011. Chichà ©n Itz, Tula and the Epiclassic/Early Postclassic Mesoamerican World System. In: Kowalski JK, and Kristan-Graham C, editors. Twin Tollans: Chichà ©n Itz, Tula and the Epiclassic to Early Postclassic Mesoamerican World. Washington DC: Dumbarton Oaks. p 130-151. Kowalski JK, and Kristan-Graham C. 2007. Chichà ©n Itz, Tula and Tollan: Chaning Perspectives on a Recurring Problem in Mesoamerican Archaeology and Art History. In: Kowalski JK, and Kristan-Graham C, editors. Twin Tollans: Chichà ©n Itz, Tula and the Epiclassic to Early Postclassic Mesoamerican World. Washington DC: Dumbarton Oaks. p 13-83. Kowalski JK, and Kristan-Graham C, editors. 2011. Twin Tollans: Chichà ©n Itz, Tula and the Epiclassic to Early Postclassic Mesoamerican World. Washington DC: Dumbarton Oaks. Ringle WM, Gallareta Negron T, and Bey GJ. 1998. The return of Quetzalcoatl: Evidence for the spread of a world religion during the Epiclassic period. Ancient Mesoamerica 9:183-232. Smith ME. 2016. Toltec Empire. In: MacKenzie JM, editor. The Encyclopedia of Empire. London: John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Smith ME. 2011. The Aztecs, 3rd edition. Oxford: Blackwell. Smith ME. 2003. Comments on the historicity of Topoilzin Quetzalcoatl, Tollan, and the Toltecs. Nahua Newsletter.

The Moment of Truth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Moment of Truth - Essay Example and extending the service life of the long-term assets of the infrastructure, which are essential in maintaining quality of life in a society, as well as mainstreaming the economy. There are various studies that have indicated that the implementation of the Municipal Infrastructure Asset management System in the UAE faces a myriad of challenges. However, these studies did not seek to provide a backup for this connotation. Perhaps, their failure to do this might be attributed to the fact that the complexity and magnitude of challenges that face the financial and physical aspects of the civil infrastructure systems, which have been supporting the traditional lifestyles of communities in the world is quite complex and significant. Considering the fact that the historical management practices have failed to support the expected levels of infrastructural services on sustainable basis, there is need to consider improving approaches for managing the infrastructure perhaps through implementi ng systems such as the Municipal Infrastructure Asset Management. However, the biggest challenge as far as the UAE is concerned has not been on the employability of this systems and whether or not the system can work. The challenge has been identifying all the possible changes but rather the inherent factors that come into play making the implementation process to be somewhat challenging. After many years of capital investment in the infrastructure in Europe, as well as in the United States, the need to make sure such infrastructure are sustained has not worked following the many mounting challenges attributed to it. Among the current duress include political pressures to have the public spending reduced, tight local and state budget, and the deferral of the required maintenance funding. It has been noted that progressive aging capital, the parochial statuses, as well as the interest groups have become a major hindrance to flexible procurement strategies. Moreover, the rise of the